I-Functional requirement of GISC

3.5.2 Receive information from the GISC area

3.5.2.1 Each GISC shall receive information intended for global exchange from NCs and DCPCs within its area of responsibility. This requirement also intersects the WIS DAR requirement that is noted below.

3.5.2.2 See also 4.2, WIS-TechSpec-1 (Uploading of metadata for data and products) and 4.3, WIS-TechSpec-2 (Uploading of data and products).

3.5.3 Exchange information with other GISCs

3.5.3.1 Each GISC shall collect from its area information that is intended for global exchange and shall share such information with other GISCs so that all GISCs have a common holding of information available for global exchange. See also 3.5.5 (Maintain a 24-hour cache) and 3.5.8 (Coordinate telecommunications in a GISC area).

3.5.3.2 GISCs should employ the MTN and associated collaborative mechanisms to exchange the information efficiently and without detriment to the performance of any GISC.

3.5.3.3 See also 4.4, WIS-TechSpec-3 (Centralization of globally distributed data).

3.5.4 Disseminate information to the GISC area

3.5.4.1 Each GISC shall disseminate information to NCs and DCPCs within its area of responsibility, including, but not limited to, the information intended for global exchange.

3.5.4.2 See also 4.11, WIS-TechSpec-10 (Downloading files via dedicated networks), 4.12, WIS-TechSpec-11 (Downloading files via non-dedicated networks) and 4.13, WIS-TechSpec-12 (Downloading files via other methods).

3.5.5 Maintain a 24-hour cache

3.5.5.1 Each GISC shall hold the information intended for global exchange for at least 24 hours to support subscription services, including, but not limited to, those for the GTS, and make the information available via WMO request/reply (“pull”) mechanisms. Information limited to regional or AMDCN exchange need only be held in those GISCs supporting the region or AMDCN for which the information is to be available. This requirement intersects the WIS DAR requirement (see 3.5.6). Note: The method used in WIS discovery metadata records to identify information intended for global exchange is defined in Appendix C, Part C1, requirement 9.1.1.

3.5.5.2 See also 4.4, WIS-TechSpec-3 (Centralization of globally distributed data), 4.5, WISTechSpec-4 (Maintenance of user identification and role information) and 4.6, WIS-TechSpec-5 (Consolidated view of distributed identification and role information).

3.5.6 Discovery, access and retrieval

3.5.6.1 In support of the DAR function, each GISC shall maintain and provide access to a comprehensive catalogue of information across all WMO programmes encompassed by WIS. This includes, but is not limited to, information intended for global exchange. In order 9 to satisfy the DAR functional requirement, GISCs are required to support, in interactive and in batch modes: upload; change and deletion of metadata; user discovery of metadata; user access to metadata; and synchronization of the comprehensive WIS discovery metadata catalogue with other GISCs.

3.5.6.2 See also 4.9, WIS-TechSpec-8 (DAR metadata (WIS discovery metadata) catalogue search and retrieval) and 4.10, WIS-TechSpec-9 (Consolidated view of distributed DAR metadata (WIS discovery metadata) catalogues).

3.5.7 Data network connectivity of a GISC

Each GISC shall provide around-the-clock connectivity to the public and dedicated communication networks at a capacity that is sufficient to meet its global, regional and AMDCN responsibilities. Each GISC should ensure that every telecommunication facility it employs in support of WIS has the appropriate level of availability and capacity, including, as necessary, routing and back-up arrangements. Each GISC should maintain service level agreements with the suppliers of its communication links and associated hardware. 3.5.8 Coordinate telecommunications in a GISC area

Each GISC shall coordinate with the Centres in its area of responsibility to maintain a WIS telecommunications infrastructure that can meet the WIS requirements for information exchange within the area. In the case of particular global and/or regional agreements, a GISC could also support the exchange of agreed WIS time- and operation-critical information with other AMDCNs. The telecommunications infrastructure shall be implemented through various technologies and services (for example, the Internet, satellite-based data distribution, dedicated data networks) in accordance with capacity and reliability requirements.

3.5.9 Recovery arrangements of a GISC

3.5.9.1 Each GISC shall implement and operate proper procedures and arrangements to provide swift recovery or back-up of its essential services in the event of an outage. Each GISC should maintain arrangements for system back-up in case of total site failure (for example, an offsite Disaster Recovery Centre) and for partial back-up in situations otherwise affecting WIS functions within the GISC. 3.5.9.2 Each GISC shall maintain arrangements with one or more back-up GISCs that include, as a minimum, the collection and dissemination of information to/from its AMDCN to be taken up by another GISC in case of an incapacitating system failure.

3.5.10 Performance monitoring of a GISC

3.5.10.1 Each GISC shall participate in monitoring the performance of WIS, including monitoring the collection and distribution of data and products intended for global exchange. Each GISC shall report routinely to other GISCs, as well as to the WMO Secretariat, information concerning the status and performance of connectivity to WIS centres in its area, including capacity and technology used (for example, the Internet, satellite-based data distribution and dedicated data networks). CBS shall review and report on the status and performance of GISCs with the assistance of the WMO Secretariat.

3.5.10.2 Each GISC shall in turn and according to the schedule agreed among GISCs take responsibility for monitoring the global operational performance of WIS. Note: Guidance on how this monitoring should be undertaken is provided in Guide to the WMO Information System (WMO-No. 1061), Part VIII. 10 MANUAL ON THE WMO INFORMATION SYSTEM PART III. FUNCTIONS OF WIS 3.5.10.3 Monitoring of the collection and dissemination of WIS information (data and products) should include, as appropriate, WIS monitoring and monitoring related to WMO Programmes. 3.5.10.4 See also 4.16, WIS-TechSpec-15 (Reporting of quality of service). 3.5.11 Coordination of activities between GISCs GISCs shall participate in an annual meeting to coordinate their activities

II -Functional requirement of DCPC

3.6.2 Collect information from a DCPC area

3.6.2.1 As appropriate to its programme role, a DCPC shall collect information intended for dissemination to NCs within its area of responsibility (that is, regional collections).

3.6.2.2 See also 4.2, WIS-TechSpec-1 (Uploading of metadata for data and products) and 4.3, WIS-TechSpec-2 (Uploading of data and products).

3.6.3 Collect programme-related information

3.6.3.1 As appropriate to its programme role, a DCPC shall collect the specific programme-related data and products.

3.6.3.2 See also 4.2, WIS-TechSpec-1 (Uploading of metadata for data and products) and 4.3, WIS-TechSpec-2 (Uploading of data and products).

3.6.4 Production support of programme-related information

3.6.4.1 As appropriate to its programme role, a DCPC shall provide data management and data communications that are adequate to support the production of regional or specialized data and products. 3.6.4.2 See also 4.2, WIS-TechSpec-1 (Uploading of metadata for data and products) and 4.3, WIS-TechSpec-2 (Uploading of data and products).

3.6.5 Provide information intended for global exchange

3.6.5.1 As appropriate to its programme role, each DCPC shall provide information intended for global exchange to its responsible GISC. 11 3.6.5.2 See also 4.2, WIS-TechSpec-1 (Uploading of metadata for data and products) and 4.3, WIS-TechSpec-2 (Uploading of data and products).

3.6.6 Disseminate information

3.6.6.1 As appropriate to its programme role, each DCPC shall disseminate information other than that intended for global exchange.

3.6.6.2 See also 4.11, WIS-TechSpec-10 (Downloading files via dedicated networks), 4.12, WIS-TechSpec-11 (Downloading files via non-dedicated networks) and 4.13, WIS-TechSpec-12 (Downloading files via other methods).

3.6.7 Provide access to information

3.6.7.1 Each DCPC shall support access to its products via WMO request/reply (“pull“) mechanisms in an appropriate manner. 3.6.7.2 See also 4.5, WIS-TechSpec-4 (Maintenance of user identification and role information), 4.7, WIS-TechSpec-6 (Authentication of a user) 4.8, WIS-TechSpec-7 (Authorization of a user role).

3.6.8 Describe information with metadata

3.6.8.1 Each DCPC shall describe its data and products according to an agreed WMO metadata standard, provide access to this catalogue of data and products and provide these metadata as appropriate to other centres, in particular a GISC. 3.6.8.2 See also 4.9, WIS-TechSpec-8 (DAR metadata (WIS discovery metadata) catalogue search and retrieval) and 4.10, WIS-TechSpec-9 (Consolidated view of distributed DAR metadata (WIS discovery metadata) catalogues).

3.6.9 Recovery arrangements of a DCPC

As appropriate to its programme role, each DCPC shall implement and operate proper procedures and arrangements to provide swift recovery or back-up of its essential services in the event of an outage.

3.6.10 Performance monitoring of a DCPC

3.6.10.1 Each DCPC shall participate in monitoring the performance of WIS

III -Functional requirement of NC

3.7.1 Provide data, products and metadata

3.7.1.1 As required by the Technical Regulations (WMO-No. 49), Volume I, Part II, 1.2.8, each NC shall use WIS to provide data and products, in line with its programme responsibilities. Such data and products shall be provided together with associated WIS discovery metadata, in accordance with WIS practices, procedures and specifications. 12 MANUAL ON THE WMO INFORMATION SYSTEM PART III. FUNCTIONS OF WIS

3.7.1.2 See also 4.2, WIS-TechSpec-1 (Uploading of metadata for data and products) and 4.3, WIS-TechSpec-2 (Uploading of data and products).

3.7.2 Collect programme-related information

3.7.2.1 As appropriate to its programme role, each NC shall collect programme-related data and products. 3.7.2.2 See also 4.2, WIS-TechSpec-1 (Uploading of metadata for data and products) and 4.3, WIS-TechSpec-2 (Uploading of data and products).

3.7.3 Production support of programme-related Information

3.7.3.1 As appropriate to its programme role, each NC shall provide data management and data communications that are adequate to support the production of data and products.

3.7.3.2 See also 4.2, WIS-TechSpec-1 (Uploading of metadata for data and products) and 4.3, WIS-TechSpec-2 (Uploading of data and products).

3.7.4 Describe information with metadata

3.7.4.1 Each NC shall describe its data and products according to an agreed WMO metadata standard and provide this information, as appropriate, to other Centres.

3.7.4.2 See also 4.9, WIS-TechSpec-8 (DAR metadata (WIS discovery metadata) catalogue search and retrieval).

3.7.5 Performance monitoring of an NC

3.7.5.1 As required by the Technical Regulations (WMO-No. 49), Volume I, Part II, 1.2.9, each NC shall participate in monitoring the performance of WIS.

VI -WIS2 principles

• Principle 1: WIS 2.0 adopts Web technologies and leverages industry best practices and open standards

• Principle 2: WIS 2.0 uses Uniform Resource Locators (URL) to identify resources

• Principle 3: WIS 2.0 prioritizes use of public telecommunications networks (i.e. Internet) when publishing digital resources

• Principle 4: WIS2.0 requires provision of Web service(s) to access or interact with digital resources (e.g. data, information, products) published using WIS

• Principle 5: WIS 2.0 encourages NCs and DCPCs to provide 'data reduction' services via WIS that process 'big data' to create results or products that are small enough to be conveniently downloaded and used by those with minimal technical infrastructure

• Principle 6: WIS 2.0 will add open standard messaging protocols that use the publish-subscribe message pattern to the list of data exchange mechanisms approved for use within WIS and GTS

• Principle 7: WIS 2.0 will require all services that provide real-time distribution of messages to cache/store the messages for a minimum of 24-hours, and allow users to request cached messages for download

• Principle 8: WIS 2.0 will adopt direct data exchange between provider and consumer

• Principle 9: WIS 2.0 will phase out the use of routing tables and bulletin headers

• Principle 10: WIS 2.0 will provide a Catalogue containing metadata that describes both data and the service(s) provided to access that data

• Principle 11: WIS 2.0 encourages data providers to publish metadata describing their data [EF1] and Web services in a way that can be indexed by commercial search engines